Chapter 1 Physics & TEST
Conceptual Premises:
Mastering Units:
·
The SI Unit is
considered an internationally accepted unit of measurement. To be more
accurate, it is considered a unit adopted for international use under the
Système International d'Unités in science and technology. The seven fundamental
units are the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole.
·
Meter:
is denoted by symbol m which is the measure of distance / displacement.
·
Second:
is 60th of minute or a unit of time that is equal to 1/60th of a minute and its
symbol is s.
·
Kg
or kilogram is the measurement of mass and denoted by symbol kg.
·
Ampere:
is SI unit of electric current: the
basic unit of electric current in the SI system, equal to a current that
produces a force of 2x10-7 newton's per meter between two parallel conductors
in a vacuum. Its symbol is A.
·
Degrees
kelvin: is a unit of temperature measurement.
When we take a close look on this, we come to know that it is the unit of
absolute temperature i.e. the SI unit of absolute temperature, equal to
1/273.16 of the absolute temperature of the triple point of water, equivalent
to one degree Celsius. A temperature in kelvin may be converted to Celsius by
subtracting 273.16.its symbol is K.
·
There are also some complex
items that are included in this category such as velocity and acceleration. Velocity represents the rate of change in position i.e. the rate
of change in the position of an object as it moves in a particular direction.
And acceleration denotes the measure
of increase in velocity i.e. a measure of the rate of increase in the velocity
of something per unit of time.
·
Few things are
generally expressed in derivatives
that represent the change of function or the limit approached in the ratio of a
function and its variable, as the variable is changed ever more infinitesimally.
For example, in physics, Force is
generally represented by symbol F and considered as influence that moves
something i.e. a physical influence that tends to change the position of an object
with mass, equal to the rate of change in momentum of the object. But for
convenience, its normally measured in the derivative unit Newton N Where
few important derivatives are also shown
in the following table as well.
·
Newton
is the term that is used to describe the unit of force. To be more accurate, it
is considered an SI unit of force equivalent to the force that produces an
acceleration of one meter per second per second on a mass of one kilogram.
Symbol is N.
·
Energy
is described in physics as capacity to do work: the capacity of a body or
system to do work. Symbol is E. and Joule
is unit of energy or the International System unit of energy or work, equal to
the work done when the application point of a one newton force moves one meter
in the direction of application. Symbol is J.
·
The Power is described as the measure of
rate of doing work. It is in fact the measure of the rate of doing work or
transferring energy, usually expressed in terms of wattage or horsepower.
Symbol is P. and Watt is the unit of
electrical power especially the international SI unit of power equal to the
power produced by a current of one ampere acting across a potential difference
of one volt. Symbol is W.
·
The Charge is referred as electric property
of matter or a fundamental characteristic of matter, responsible for all
electric and electromotive forces, expressed in two forms known as positive and
negative. Charge is also referred in physics as an excess or lack of electrons
or a quantity of electricity caused by an excess or lack of electrons. And coulomb is referred as a unit of
electric charge or the SI unit of electric charge equal to the amount of charge
transported by a current of one ampere in one second. Symbol is C.
·
The Potential is referred as the work
required to move an electric charge. It is in fact the work required to bring a
unit of positive electric charge from infinity to a specific point in an
electric field. Symbol is V. and Volt
is described as unit of electric potential difference. In other words the unit
of electromotive force and electric potential difference equal to the
difference between two points in a circuit carrying one ampere of current and
dissipating one watt of power. Symbol is V.
·
The Resistance can be described in many
ways. It is described as the force opposing another force: a force that opposes
or slows down another force with Symbol Rr. It can be described as opposition
to electric current or the opposition that a circuit, component, or substance
presents to the flow of electricity with Symbol R. It is also written as source
of resistance or something that is a source of opposition to the flow of
electricity, e.g. a resistor with Symbol R. and Ohm is the unit of electrical resistance. It is indeed the SI unit
of electrical resistance, equal to the resistance between two points on a
conductor when a potential difference of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere.
Symbol is Ω.
·
The Capacitance is termed as ability to store electric charge or the
ability of a substance to store an electric charge. You can describe it as the ability
of component to store charge especially the ability of an electronic component
to store an electric charge. It is in fact the measure of electric charge
storage i.e. a measure of the capacitance of a substance, equal to the surface
charge divided by the electric potential. Symbol is C. and Farad is the unit of electrical capacitance. It is in fact the SI
unit of capacitance equal to that of a capacitor carrying one coulomb of charge
when a potential difference of one volt is applied. Symbol is F.
·
The Magnetic Field is defined as the magnetized
region of space especially a region of space surrounding a magnetized body or
current-carrying circuit in which the resulting magnetic force can be detected.
And Tesla is termed as the unit of
magnetic flux density. It is in fact the derived unit of magnetic flux density
in the SI system, equal to a flux of one weber in an area of one square meter.
Symbol is T. it is worth mentioning here that magnetic flux density is the strength of magnetic field in medium
or the strength of a magnetic field multiplied by the porosity of a medium,
measured in teslas or gauss. Symbol is B.
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